Despite recent attention to technologies like lithium-ion batteries and solid-state batteries, lead-acid batteries, as a veteran, continue to maintain their importance in many applications. This is due to their low cost, high recycling rate, and proven reliability. Recent technological innovations have given lead-acid batteries new vitality.
Core Content
Performance Improvement: Grid Alloys and Improved Electrode Materials
In large-scale energy storage and backup power applications, researchers are improving lead-calcium and lead-silver-calcium alloy grids to reduce internal resistance and increase charge capacity.
Electrode material optimization is also underway: for example, improving the structure of lead dioxide (PbO₂) and sponge lead (PbPb) to improve lifespan and cycle stability.
New Electrolyte/Additive Technologies
New electrolyte additives (including inorganic salts and ionic liquids) are being used to improve the cycle life and power density of lead-acid batteries.
The maturing of absorbed glass mat (AGM) and gel technologies has made maintenance-free valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries more competitive.
Intelligence and System Integration
With the increasing popularity of the Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent battery management systems (BMS), health monitoring and lifespan prediction for lead-acid batteries have been enhanced.
For example, neutron imaging technology can be used to monitor changes in the internal structure of lead-acid batteries during operation, providing data support for further design optimization.
Application Scenarios and Significance
Lead-acid batteries still offer cost-performance advantages in automotive start-stop systems, forklift power, communication base station backup power, and renewable energy storage.
Technological improvements mean that even in the heyday of lithium batteries, lead-acid batteries will not be completely eliminated, but will remain a component of a diverse battery solution.
Lead-acid batteries are undergoing a "seasoned reinvention"—through alloy optimization, electrolyte innovation, and intelligent monitoring, they are "budding new life." For battery users and system integrators, this means more reliable, economical and sustainable alternatives are worth paying attention to.
